The historical relationship between India and Yemen dates back to the 19th century, marking a significant period of colonial influence and infrastructural development. In 1839, the strategic port city of Aden was incorporated into the British Empire, thereby becoming a pivotal outpost for British interests in the region. Administered by the Bombay Presidency, Aden played a crucial role in trade routes connecting Europe with the East, particularly for maritime trade with India, which was then a critical part of the British Empire.
The establishment of a garrison consisting of 2000 Indian soldiers in Aden reflects the military and administrative reliance of the British on Indian personnel during this period. The decision to use the Indian Rupee as the official currency further emphasizes the economic ties that were fostered through this colonial relationship. Such measures not only facilitated trade in the region but also embedded Indian economic influence within Aden, as it became a hub for goods and supplies traveling between India and the Arabian Peninsula.
The introduction of a fortnightly steamer service with Bombay in 1855 by the Peninsular and Orient Line marked a significant development in enhancing connectivity between India and Aden. This service not only improved transportation links but also facilitated cultural and social exchanges between the two regions. The influx of goods, ideas, and people contributed to a burgeoning commercial network that connected local economies with broader global markets.
In 1906, British authorities took further steps to improve the living conditions in Aden by dispatching an engineer from India to design an underground drainage system. This initiative underscored the importance of infrastructure development in the colony. Additionally, the preparation of a comprehensive scheme for providing drinking water highlighted the growing recognition of public health and sanitation in colonial governance. Such developments not only supported the local population but also ensured that Aden remained a viable and strategic location for British naval and commercial operations in the region.
Together, these historical events illustrate the intertwined destinies of India and Yemen during the British colonial era, characterized by military presence, economic integration, and infrastructural advancements that shaped the dynamics of the region for decades to come.
Yemenite Civil War
The Yemenite Civil War, which erupted in the early 1990s, led to a complex humanitarian crisis that significantly impacted the region. During the initial phases of the conflict, India maintained a neutral stance, prioritizing humanitarian considerations over political affiliations. Notably, Indian doctors and nurses remained in Yemen to offer critical medical assistance, becoming some of the only expatriates who chose to stay behind in such tumultuous times. Their commitment to humanitarian service exemplified India's broader approach to foreign policy, which often emphasizes assistance and support to those in need, irrespective of political alignments.
In the aftermath of the war, which concluded in July 1994, the Government of Yemen acknowledged the dire healthcare needs resulting from the conflict. They approached the Indian Government for assistance in treating war-wounded individuals. India responded positively by agreeing to admit over 150 Yemeni nationals into hospitals in Mumbai for medical treatment, reinforcing the bonds of friendship and solidarity between the two nations. This action not only highlighted India's willingness to assist in reconstruction efforts but also underscored its role in the healthcare sector internationally.
Fast forward to 2015, the geopolitical landscape of Yemen further deteriorated with the military intervention by a Saudi-led coalition aimed at restoring the internationally recognized Yemeni government and curbing the Houthi rebellion. In response to the escalating conflict and the subsequent evacuation of foreign nationals, India launched Operation Raahat. This significant operation demonstrated India's commitment to its citizens abroad and its capability to respond effectively to crises. Indian Armed Forces facilitated the safe evacuation of over 4,640 Indian citizens, as well as around 960 foreign nationals from 41 different countries, showcasing India's logistical prowess and its diplomatic ties with various states during emergencies.
These instances reflect India’s evolving role in regional conflicts and humanitarian crises, illuminating its historical ties with Yemen and the principles of human compassion and assistance that guide its foreign policy. The collaborative efforts between India and Yemen in times of need serve as a testament to the enduring relationship forged through mutual respect and support, which has only grown in the face of adversity.