History
The historical relationship between Georgia and India stretches back to ancient times, showcasing cultural exchanges that have influenced both regions. The Panchatantra, a renowned Indian collection of fables, significantly affected Georgian folk tales, highlighting the intersections between their literary traditions. Ancient Greek narratives add another layer to this relationship, particularly tales of Medea from Colchis, who, along with her son Medus, is mentioned in various myths. These stories serve as a testament to the enduring influence and intertwined histories of Georgia and India, despite the vague veracity surrounding them.
During the medieval era, cultural and commercial ties between the two nations began to flourish as Georgian missionaries, travelers, and traders made journeys to India. The interaction between Georgian individuals and the Mughal Empire is particularly notable, with several Georgians serving in high-ranking positions within the Mughal courts, including governors. Udaipuri Begum, a wife of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, exemplifies the Georgian influence, connecting the two cultures through this historical figure. Additionally, historical speculation suggests that the remains of Georgian Queen Ketevan, who died in Shiraz in 1624, were later taken to Goa, indicating a further mingling of their narratives. The transfer of her remains back to Georgia in recent years underscores the ongoing recognition of this rich shared history.
The modern diplomatic relationship between Georgia and India took shape in the 20th century. Prominent leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi visited Tbilisi during their trips to the Soviet Union, hinting at a growing interest and engagement in bilateral relations. Following Georgia's independence from the Soviet Union, India became one of the first countries to recognize its sovereignty in December 1991. Diplomatic ties were subsequently established in 1992, paving the way for future collaboration. The first significant diplomatic visit from Georgia occurred in May 2000, spearheaded by Foreign Minister Irakli Menagarishvili, signaling the importance of fostering relations in various fields.
India maintained a neutral stance during the Russo-Georgian War in 2008, a position shaped by its historical ties with Russia. Indian Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee's remarks emphasized India's careful approach to recognizing territorial changes resulting from the conflict, particularly regarding the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. This neutrality reflects India's broader diplomatic strategy and its complex relationships in the region, as it continues to refrain from recognizing these territories as independent entities as of 2023.
The growing diplomatic engagement is evident through the establishment of an honorific consulate in New Delhi in 2005, which later evolved into an embassy in 2010, marking a significant milestone in their bilateral relations. Since then, both nations have been active in fostering cooperation through various conferences and official visits focusing on aspects such as trade, cultural exchange, and technological collaboration. Noteworthy events include India's participation in Georgian celebrations and delegations visiting each other's countries for collaborative initiatives, particularly in the areas of election management and civic engagement.
Furthermore, Georgia has been a supportive ally for India in various international platforms, backing its candidacies in organizations like the International Civil Aviation Organization and UNESCO. Conversely, India has supported Georgia's bid for membership in international organizations such as the International Hydrographic Organization, reinforcing their mutual interests and goals on a global scale. This pattern of cooperation demonstrates a robust partnership that continues to evolve and strengthen through shared historical ties, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic efforts.
Economic Relations
Bilateral trade between Georgia and India has shown fluctuations over recent years, with total trade reaching approximately US$107.04 million in the fiscal year 2015–16, a slight increase from the $105.02 million in the prior fiscal year. India's exports to Georgia constituted the majority of this figure, amounting to $82.57 million, while imports from Georgia totaled $24.47 million. The range of commodities exchanged is diverse, with India primarily exporting cereals, nuclear reactors, machinery, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment, and aluminium products. Conversely, Georgia's exports to India are largely comprised of fertilizers, various aluminium goods, and copper materials. This mutually beneficial trade practice highlights the strengthening economic ties between the two nations.
Investment flow between India and Georgia is equally notable. Foreign direct investment (FDI) from India surged significantly over the years, jumping from a modest $29,000 in 2005 to an impressive $26 million by November 2011. The third quarter of 2012 alone saw Indian companies injecting an FDI of $6.13 million into Georgia. Partnerships between Indian firms and local entities have resulted in the establishment of significant projects, such as the joint venture between JSW Steel Netherlands BV and Georgian Steel Group Holding Limited to create a plant dedicated to converting metal scrap into reinforced steel bars. This initiative, inaugurated by the Georgian President in November 2009, symbolizes the collaborative efforts to bolster the local economy. Additionally, Trans Electrica, birthed from a collaboration involving Continental Construction from India and other British and Georgian firms, focuses on constructing hydro power plants, further underscoring the investment potential in Georgia's energy sector.
The agricultural domain has also witnessed substantial involvement from Indian entrepreneurs. Approximately 150 Indians, predominantly from Punjab, have invested in acquiring around 1500 hectares of agricultural land in Georgia, a move facilitated by the Georgian government's policies designed to attract individuals with agricultural expertise amid declining production. The appeal of affordable land prices in Georgia is exemplified by the experience of one Punjabi Sikh farmer who was able to purchase 200 hectares in Georgia, utilizing the profits from selling just one hectare of land in Punjab. Such investments not only rejuvenate local agriculture but also contribute to the socio-economic fabric of the region. Furthermore, Tata Power's approximately $280 million investment in a major power project reflects Indian companies' increasing confidence and commitment to Georgia's infrastructure development.
Cultural and industrial exchanges have also become important facets of the relationship. In February 2014, a notable Indian pharmaceutical delegation made its inaugural visit to Georgia, engaging with local businesses and examining pharmaceutical operations in the country. This visit set the stage for future collaborations in the health sector, leveraging India's robust pharmaceutical capabilities. Cultural ties were further fostered through the successful hosting of the "Incredible India" tourism seminar in Tbilisi in September 2014, which attracted participation from 62 Georgian tour operators. This event marked a significant step towards encouraging tourism between the two countries, contributing to the mutual understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage.
Overall, Georgia-India relations are characterized by a dynamic interplay of trade, investment, and cultural exchanges, indicating a robust partnership with vast potential for future growth in various sectors.
Cultural Relations
The relationship between Georgia and India is enriched by a vibrant cultural exchange, prominently highlighted by the popularity of Indian films and cuisine throughout Georgia. In the capital city of Tbilisi, several Indian restaurants offer authentic culinary experiences that resonate with locals and visitors alike. This gastronomic interest reflects a broader trend of appreciation for Indian culture, which extends to the emerging curiosity among Georgians about the Hindi language. As more people seek to learn Hindi, this linguistic interest contributes to deeper cultural ties between the two nations.
In a significant step towards strengthening these cultural relations, the Institute of Multi Task Diplomacy in Tbilisi, with the backing of the Mahatma Gandhi Foundation in India, established the Gandhi Foundation Georgia on June 30, 2014. This organization aims to promote the principles of Gandhian philosophy, which emphasize non-violence, peace, and social justice. In line with its mission, the foundation expanded its reach by opening a second branch in Batumi, thereby extending the influence of Gandhian ideals within Georgian society. This initiative reflects both countries' commitment to fostering mutual understanding and shared values.
Furthermore, the engagement between India and Georgia is exemplified by international exchanges, such as the visit of Taher, the Superintending Archaeologist of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), who attended the International Council of Museums' Conference in Georgia in September 2014. Such visits help to bolster academic and cultural collaborations, paving the way for joint initiatives in archaeology and heritage conservation.
The Indian presence in Georgia is marked by a significant community, with approximately 2,000 Indian citizens residing in the country as of July 2016. A notable portion of this population comprises students enrolled at the Tbilisi State Medical University, contributing to Georgia's reputation as a destination for higher education. Additionally, around 200 Indian citizens are actively employed by Indian companies operating in Georgia’s infrastructure sector, while others engage in various fields, including business and agriculture. This diverse engagement underscores the multifaceted and evolving relationship between India and Georgia, characterized by cultural exchange, educational opportunities, and economic collaboration.
Foreign Aid to Georgia
India's engagement with Georgia has included substantial support during times of crisis. Notably, in December 1994, India donated relief supplies and medicines valued at ₹5 lakh, which today is approximately equivalent to ₹33 lakh or $39,000. This aid was specifically aimed at helping refugees and displaced individuals from the Abkhazia region, highlighting India’s commitment to providing humanitarian assistance during tumultuous periods in Georgia's history.
Educational Initiatives
Beyond immediate humanitarian relief, India has actively fostered educational partnerships with Georgia. Citizens of Georgia can apply for scholarships under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme, which aims to enhance skill development and capacity building among developing countries. Through initiatives led by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), Georgian students are also granted opportunities to pursue various academic pathways in India. This includes scholarships for undergraduate and postgraduate studies, which not only promote educational exchange but also facilitate cultural understanding between the two nations.
Language and Cultural Exchange
In addition to general scholarships, the ICCR offers special Kendriya Hindi Sansthan scholarships for those interested in studying Hindi in India, reinforcing linguistic ties between the countries. The establishment of a Chair of Contemporary Indian Studies at Tbilisi State University in October 2011 further signifies India's dedication to academic collaboration. This initiative assists in promoting research and knowledge exchange on contemporary issues, culture, and the Indian way of life, thereby enriching the academic landscape of Georgia and providing deeper insights into Indian society for Georgian students and scholars.
These initiatives reflect a multifaceted approach to strengthening India-Georgia relations, showcasing India's commitment not only through immediate aid but also through long-term educational and cultural partnerships. Such efforts contribute to a growing friendship that is likely to evolve further in the coming years, driven by mutual interests and support.
Resident Diplomatic Missions
Georgia maintains a vibrant diplomatic presence in India through its embassy located in New Delhi. This embassy plays a crucial role in enhancing bilateral relations between the two nations, focusing on various aspects such as trade, cultural exchange, and political dialogue. It serves as a direct channel for communication and cooperation, helping to facilitate initiatives that benefit both countries. The ambassador and diplomatic staff actively engage with Indian governmental bodies and institutions to promote Georgian interests and foster mutual understanding.
On the other hand, India is represented in Georgia through its diplomatic mission in Yerevan, Armenia. This unique arrangement highlights the interconnected nature of the South Caucasus region, where India has significant interests and seeks to strengthen its presence. The Indian embassy in Yerevan is responsible for overseeing India's diplomatic engagement with Georgia, which includes supporting Indian citizens and businesses looking to engage with the Georgian market. This accreditation underscores India's commitment to deepening ties in the region, particularly in trade, cultural cooperation, and regional stability.
The partnership between Georgia and India is not limited to diplomatic missions; it also encompasses a range of collaborative programs in commerce, education, and technology. Both nations have expressed a desire to expand economic ties, with discussions around increasing bilateral trade and investment opportunities. As global geopolitical dynamics continue to shift, reinforcing these relationships is essential for both countries to navigate challenges and leverage opportunities in a rapidly changing world. Through continuous dialogue and mutual cooperation, both Georgia and India can work towards a stronger and more prosperous future together.