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Central Treaty Organization

The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact, was established in 1955 and modeled after the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The primary intent of CENTO was to create a regional alliance among its member countries to ensure mutual cooperation and protection against the growing influence of the Soviet Union (USSR). Member nations aimed to establish a strong defensive line, often referred to as the 'Northern Tier,' to impede Soviet expansion into Middle Eastern territories. Unlike NATO, however, CENTO did not maintain a centralized military command structure, which limited its operational effectiveness. While the United States had some intelligence facilities in Iran, and U-2 reconnaissance flights were conducted from bases in Pakistan, there's a notable absence of extensive military presence in the member countries, which ultimately impacted the organization's cohesion....
Bilateralism

Bilateral relationships are crucial in international diplomacy, exemplified by the close ties between Australia and Canada. Both countries not only share a constitutional monarchy, with the same titular head of state, but they also boast similar political systems and cultural values. Their relationship dates back to the late 19th century, when Canada initiated diplomatic outreach with a trade commission established in Sydney by John Larke in 1895. The formalization of this bilateral relationship reached a significant milestone in 1935 when Canada appointed Charles Burchell as its first High Commissioner to Australia. As wartime allies, both nations have nurtured strong economic and trade links over the years, contributing to their mutual prosperity and security....
Bank for International Settlements

Background...
Balance of trade

The balance of trade is a crucial component of the current account within a nation's balance of payments. The current account encapsulates various transactions, including income derived from the net international investment position and international aid. When a country operates with a surplus in its current account, it signifies an increase in its net international asset position, suggesting stronger economic health and greater capacity to invest abroad. Conversely, a deficit in the current account implies a reduction in the country’s net international asset position, which can indicate potential economic vulnerabilities, such as an over-reliance on foreign capital or unsustainable borrowing patterns....
Automobile industry in India

The history of the automotive industry in India dates back to 1897 when the first car made its way onto Indian roads. However, during the 1930s, the automotive market was predominantly characterized by the import of vehicles, which was limited in scope and volume. The real transformation began in the 1940s, marking the inception of an embryonic automotive industry that would lay the groundwork for future growth and development....
Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Founding...
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

<strong>Origins of AIIB</strong>...
Asian Development Bank

Governance Structure...
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

<strong>Foundational Inspiration and Development</strong>...
African Development Bank

The African Development Bank (AfDB) is driven by a mission that aims to combat poverty and enhance the quality of life for people across Africa. In achieving this mission, the bank focuses on stimulating both public and private sector investments in various projects and programs. These initiatives are strategically designed to foster substantial economic and social development throughout the continent, addressing the multifaceted challenges that African countries face....