Development And Military Upgrades In Andaman And Nicobar Islands

In 2019, India significantly enhanced the development and military infrastructure of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Indian Navy commissioned INS Kohasa, a strategically located airbase about 100 miles north of Port Blair. This is India's fourth air base and third naval air facility in the archipelago, supplementing existing airstrips operated by the Navy at Port Blair and INS Baaz in Campbell Bay, and an Air Force base in Car Nicobar. The islands also host India’s only tri-service command.

Driven by increasing regional competition, India has substantially upgraded military infrastructure in the islands to boost surveillance capabilities. Concurrently, the Island Development Agency (IDA), chaired by the Union Home Minister, established in 2017, is promoting holistic development with a focus on community-based tourism. The initial phase targets Smith, Ross, Aves, Long, and Little Andaman in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, along with Minicoy, Bangaram, Suheli, Cherium, and Tinnakara in Lakshadweep, for comprehensive development. Furthermore, the government decided to establish a joint logistics node at the tri-services command in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to provide logistical support to all three defense services, aiming to improve resource utilization, streamline manpower, and eliminate duplication. This node comprises a Joint Logistics Command & Control Centre (JLC&CC), a Tri-services Detachment at Material Organisation (TRIDAMO), and a Tri-services Advanced Detachment (TRISAD) based on the mainland. Separately, the Prime Minister announced the renaming of three islands in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago as a tribute to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Ross Island was renamed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Dweep, Neil Island became Shaheed Dweep, and Havelock Island was designated Swaraj Dweep.

India's Strategic Embrace: Military and Developmental Advancements in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

India's strategic posture in the Indo-Pacific region is inextricably linked to the development and fortification of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In 2019, a multifaceted approach was undertaken, encompassing the commissioning of critical military infrastructure, the establishment of integrated logistics nodes, the promotion of sustainable development initiatives, and symbolic gestures reinforcing national identity and historical narratives. The commissioning of INS Kohasa, the establishment of the Joint Logistics Node, the activities of the Island Development Agency (IDA), and the renaming of islands are all distinct yet interconnected elements of a broader strategy aimed at enhancing India’s maritime security, projecting power, and fostering economic prosperity in this strategically vital archipelago.

INS Kohasa: Strengthening Maritime Surveillance and Operational Capabilities

The commissioning of INS Kohasa in 2019 represents a significant enhancement of India's maritime surveillance and operational capabilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Situated approximately 100 miles north of Port Blair, the capital city of the islands, INS Kohasa serves as a crucial forward operating base for the Indian Navy. Its strategic location provides enhanced coverage of the northern Andaman Sea, a critical maritime corridor through which vital trade and energy flows pass. This new airbase is not merely an addition to the existing infrastructure; it is a strategic asset designed to bolster India's ability to monitor and respond to evolving security challenges in the region.

INS Kohasa is more than just an airstrip. It is a fully equipped naval air facility capable of supporting a wide range of aircraft, including maritime patrol aircraft, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The presence of these assets enables the Indian Navy to conduct comprehensive surveillance operations, track maritime traffic, and detect potential threats, such as piracy, smuggling, and illegal fishing. The airbase also serves as a vital node for search and rescue operations, ensuring the safety and security of maritime activities in the region.

The establishment of INS Kohasa is indicative of India's broader strategy of strengthening its naval presence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The archipelago already hosts two naval airstrips at Port Blair and INS Baaz in Campbell Bay, as well as an Air Force base in Car Nicobar. The addition of INS Kohasa further consolidates India's ability to project power and maintain a credible deterrent posture in the eastern Indian Ocean. This enhanced naval presence is particularly relevant in the context of increasing Chinese naval activity in the region. China's growing maritime ambitions and its expanding naval footprint in the Indian Ocean have raised concerns in India and other regional powers. The development of INS Kohasa and other military infrastructure in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a clear signal that India is committed to safeguarding its maritime interests and maintaining its strategic influence in the Indo-Pacific.

Furthermore, INS Kohasa is equipped with advanced communication and radar systems, enabling it to integrate seamlessly with the Indian Navy's broader network of surveillance assets. This integrated approach enhances the overall effectiveness of India's maritime domain awareness (MDA) capabilities, providing real-time information on maritime activities and potential threats. The airbase also serves as a training facility for naval personnel, ensuring that they are well-prepared to operate in the challenging maritime environment of the Andaman Sea.

The significance of INS Kohasa extends beyond its immediate operational capabilities. It also serves as a symbol of India's commitment to the security and stability of the Indo-Pacific region. By investing in its naval infrastructure in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is demonstrating its willingness to play a leading role in maintaining a rules-based order and ensuring freedom of navigation in the region. This commitment is particularly important in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and maritime disputes in the South China Sea and other parts of the Indo-Pacific.

The Tri-Service Command and Integrated Logistics: Streamlining Defense Operations

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are home to India's only tri-service command, a unified military command integrating the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Established in 2001, the Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) is responsible for safeguarding India's strategic interests in the region and ensuring the security of the archipelago. The ANC plays a crucial role in coordinating defense operations, conducting surveillance, and responding to emerging security challenges.

In 2019, the government took a significant step towards enhancing the operational efficiency of the ANC by establishing a joint logistics node at the tri-services command. This initiative aims to improve resource utilization, streamline manpower, and eliminate duplication in logistical operations. The joint logistics node comprises a Joint Logistics Command & Control Centre (JLC&CC), a Tri-services Detachment at Material Organisation (TRIDAMO), and a Tri-services Advanced Detachment (TRISAD) based on the mainland.

The JLC&CC serves as the central coordinating hub for all logistical activities within the ANC. It is responsible for planning, coordinating, and executing the movement of personnel, equipment, and supplies to support military operations in the region. The TRIDAMO is responsible for managing and maintaining the inventory of military equipment and supplies, ensuring that they are readily available when needed. The TRISAD provides advanced logistical support, including specialized maintenance and repair services, to ensure the operational readiness of military assets.

The establishment of the joint logistics node is a significant step towards optimizing the utilization of resources and enhancing the operational effectiveness of the ANC. By integrating logistical functions across the three services, the joint logistics node eliminates duplication, reduces costs, and improves the speed and efficiency of logistical support. This enhanced logistical capability is particularly important in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where the remoteness of the archipelago and the challenging maritime environment pose significant logistical challenges.

Furthermore, the joint logistics node enhances the interoperability of the three services, enabling them to work together more effectively in joint operations. This improved interoperability is crucial for addressing the complex and evolving security challenges in the region, which often require a coordinated response from multiple services. The establishment of the joint logistics node is also aligned with the broader trend towards greater integration and jointness within the Indian armed forces. The government has been actively promoting jointness as a means of enhancing the overall effectiveness of the armed forces and optimizing the utilization of resources.

The joint logistics node also contributes to the overall security and stability of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands by ensuring that the armed forces are well-equipped and prepared to respond to any potential threats. This enhanced security posture is particularly important in the context of increasing regional tensions and the growing presence of extra-regional powers in the Indian Ocean. By strengthening its military capabilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is sending a clear signal that it is committed to safeguarding its strategic interests and maintaining its influence in the region.

Island Development Agency (IDA): Fostering Holistic and Sustainable Development

While military enhancements are crucial for securing India's strategic interests in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the government also recognizes the importance of promoting holistic and sustainable development in the archipelago. To this end, the Island Development Agency (IDA) was established in 2017 under the chairmanship of the Union Home Minister. The IDA is responsible for formulating and implementing development plans that promote economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability in the islands.

The IDA's approach to development is centered on the concept of "holistic development," which encompasses economic, social, and environmental aspects. This approach recognizes that sustainable development requires a balanced and integrated approach that addresses the needs of the local communities while preserving the natural environment. The IDA's development plans focus on promoting community-based tourism, developing infrastructure, improving connectivity, and enhancing the quality of life for the islanders.

Community-based tourism is a key focus of the IDA's development strategy. The IDA recognizes that tourism can be a significant driver of economic growth in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but it also recognizes the importance of ensuring that tourism is sustainable and benefits the local communities. Community-based tourism initiatives are designed to empower local communities to participate in the tourism industry and to share in the economic benefits. These initiatives often involve the development of homestays, eco-tourism projects, and cultural tourism programs.

The IDA is also focused on developing infrastructure in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This includes improving transportation infrastructure, such as roads, ports, and airports, as well as developing essential services, such as water supply, sanitation, and electricity. The development of infrastructure is crucial for supporting economic growth and improving the quality of life for the islanders.

Improving connectivity is another key priority for the IDA. The IDA is working to improve both physical connectivity, such as air and sea links, and digital connectivity, such as internet access. Enhanced connectivity is essential for facilitating trade, investment, and tourism, as well as for improving access to information and education.

The IDA is also committed to enhancing the quality of life for the islanders. This includes improving access to healthcare, education, and other essential services. The IDA is working to develop schools, hospitals, and other social infrastructure to meet the needs of the growing population in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

The IDA's development plans are focused on a phased approach, with the first phase targeting specific islands for comprehensive development. These islands include Smith, Ross, Aves, Long, and Little Andaman in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, as well as Minicoy, Bangaram, Suheli, Cherium, and Tinnakara in Lakshadweep. The selection of these islands is based on their potential for tourism development, their strategic importance, and the needs of the local communities.

The IDA's efforts to promote holistic and sustainable development in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are crucial for ensuring the long-term prosperity and well-being of the archipelago. By balancing economic growth, social development, and environmental sustainability, the IDA is creating a more resilient and prosperous future for the islanders.

Renaming of Islands: Honoring National Heroes and Reinforcing National Identity

In a symbolic gesture that resonated deeply with the Indian public, the Prime Minister announced the renaming of three islands in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago in 2019. Ross Island was renamed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Dweep, Neil Island became Shaheed Dweep, and Havelock Island was designated Swaraj Dweep. This renaming was a tribute to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement, and a reaffirmation of India's national identity and historical narrative.

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was a charismatic and influential leader who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. He founded the Forward Bloc, a political party that advocated for complete independence from British rule. During World War II, Netaji traveled to Germany and Japan to seek support for the Indian independence movement. He formed the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army), which fought alongside the Japanese army against the British in Southeast Asia.

Netaji's association with the Andaman and Nicobar Islands dates back to 1943, when he visited the islands during World War II. At that time, the islands were under Japanese occupation. Netaji hoisted the Indian flag on Ross Island and declared the islands to be the first territory liberated from British rule. The renaming of Ross Island as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Dweep is a fitting tribute to his contribution to the Indian independence movement and his association with the islands.

The renaming of Neil Island as Shaheed Dweep is a tribute to the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters who fought for India's independence. The term "Shaheed" refers to a martyr, someone who has died for a noble cause. The renaming of Neil Island is a recognition of the courage and sacrifice of those who gave their lives for the freedom of India.

The renaming of Havelock Island as Swaraj Dweep is a symbolic representation of India's self-rule and sovereignty. The term "Swaraj" refers to self-governance or independence. The renaming of Havelock Island is a reaffirmation of India's commitment to self-determination and its right to chart its own course in the world.

The renaming of these three islands is not merely a symbolic gesture; it is a powerful statement about India's national identity and its commitment to honoring its historical heroes. It is also a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for India's independence and a reaffirmation of India's commitment to self-rule and sovereignty.

Strategic Implications and Regional Dynamics

The multifaceted approach to development and military upgrades in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands has significant strategic implications for India and the broader Indo-Pacific region. These developments strengthen India's position as a key player in the region, enhance its maritime security capabilities, and contribute to the overall stability of the Indo-Pacific.

The enhanced military presence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands enables India to project power and maintain a credible deterrent posture in the eastern Indian Ocean. This is particularly important in the context of increasing Chinese naval activity in the region. China's growing maritime ambitions and its expanding naval footprint in the Indian Ocean have raised concerns in India and other regional powers. The development of military infrastructure in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a clear signal that India is committed to safeguarding its maritime interests and maintaining its strategic influence in the Indo-Pacific.

The development of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands also enhances India's maritime domain awareness (MDA) capabilities. The integrated network of surveillance assets, including INS Kohasa, enables India to monitor maritime traffic, detect potential threats, and respond effectively to emerging security challenges. This enhanced MDA capability is crucial for ensuring the safety and security of maritime activities in the region and for maintaining a rules-based order.

The development of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands also contributes to the overall stability of the Indo-Pacific region. By strengthening its military capabilities and promoting sustainable development, India is playing a leading role in maintaining peace and security in the region. This commitment is particularly important in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and maritime disputes in the South China Sea and other parts of the Indo-Pacific.

India's approach to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also aligned with its broader Act East Policy, which seeks to strengthen India's economic, political, and security ties with the countries of Southeast Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific region. The development of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands serves as a bridge between India and Southeast Asia, facilitating trade, investment, and cultural exchange.

However, India's activities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands have also drawn some concern from China. China may view India's actions as an attempt to contain its influence in the Indian Ocean and to counter its growing maritime presence in the region. China has been pursuing a strategy known as the "String of Pearls," which involves developing a network of ports and infrastructure projects in countries around the Indian Ocean, including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. India views this strategy as an attempt to encircle it and to undermine its strategic influence in the region.

In response to China's growing maritime presence, India has been strengthening its naval capabilities and forging closer security ties with other regional powers, such as the United States, Japan, and Australia. These partnerships are aimed at maintaining a balance of power in the Indo-Pacific region and ensuring freedom of navigation and overflight.

Future Outlook: Continued Development and Strategic Significance

The development and military upgrades in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are likely to continue in the coming years. The government has identified the archipelago as a key priority for strategic investment and development. Future plans include further expansion of military infrastructure, development of tourism facilities, and improvement of connectivity.

The Indian Navy is expected to continue to strengthen its presence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with plans to deploy additional warships, aircraft, and surveillance assets. The government is also considering the construction of a new naval base on one of the islands.

The development of tourism facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also expected to continue, with plans to build new hotels, resorts, and other tourist infrastructure. The government is also promoting eco-tourism and sustainable tourism practices to ensure that tourism development is environmentally responsible and benefits the local communities.

Improving connectivity is another key priority for the government. Plans are underway to upgrade the existing airports and seaports in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and to construct new transportation infrastructure. The government is also working to improve digital connectivity by expanding internet access and developing telecommunications infrastructure.

The continued development of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands will further strengthen India's position in the Indo-Pacific region and enhance its maritime security capabilities. The archipelago will continue to serve as a crucial strategic asset for India, enabling it to project power, maintain a credible deterrent posture, and safeguard its maritime interests.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands also hold significant historical importance for India, dating back to the colonial era and the Indian independence movement. The islands served as a penal colony for Indian freedom fighters during British rule, and they were also the site of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's historic visit in 1943. The renaming of the islands and the ongoing development efforts are a reaffirmation of India's commitment to its historical heritage and its national identity.

In conclusion, the development and military upgrades in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a multifaceted strategy aimed at enhancing India's maritime security, projecting power, and fostering economic prosperity in this strategically vital archipelago. These developments have significant implications for India and the broader Indo-Pacific region, and they are likely to continue to shape the geopolitical landscape in the years to come.